What is a scid foal
Terry RR, Cholewinski G, Cothran EG (1999): Absence of the severe combined immunodeficiency disease gene among Arabian horses in Poland.Bras Med Vet Zootec, 53, 380-384 (article in portuguese with an English abstract). Teixeira CS, Oliveira DAA, Kuabara MY (2001): Prevalência da imunodeficiência severa combinada em cavalos da raça Árabe em plantéis de Minas Gerais e São Paulo Arq.Swinburne J, Lockhart L, Scott M, Binns MM (1999): Estimation of the prevalence of severe combined immunodeficiency disease in UK Arab horses as determined by a DNA-based test.Snyder SP, England JJ, McChesney AE (1978): Cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient Arabian foals.Shin EK, Rijkers T, Pastink A, Meek K (2000): Analyses of TCRB rearrangements substantiate a profound deficit in recombination signal sequence joining in SCID foals: implications for the role of DNA-dependent protein kinase in V(D)J recombination.Shin EK, Perryman LE, Meek K (1997): Evaluation of a test for identification of Arabian horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency trait.Shin EK, Perryman LE, Meek K (1997): A kinase- negative mutation of DNA-PK(CS) in equine SCID results in defective coding and signal joint formation.Poppie MJ, McGuire TC (1977): Combined immunodeficiency in foals of Arabian breeding: evaluation of mode of inheritance and estimation of prevalence of affected foals and carrier mares and stallions.Piro M, Benjouad A, Tligui NS, El Allali K, El Kohen M, Nabich A, Ouragh L (2008): Frequency of the severe combined immunodeficiency disease gene among horses in Morocco.Perryman LE (2004): Molecular pathology of severe combined immunodeficiency in mice, horses, and dogs.Perryman LE, Torbeck LR (1980): Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian horses: confirmation of autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.Oxford University Press, New York, 94-95. Nicholas FW (1987): Veterinary Genetics.McGuire TC, Poppie MJ (1973): Hypogammaglobulinemia and thymic hypoplasia in horses: a primary combined immunodeficiency disorders.McChesney TC, England JJ, Rich LJ (1973): Adenoviral infections in foals.Mair TS, Taylor FGR, Harbour DA, Pearson GR (1990): Concurrent Cryptosporidium and Coronavirus Infections in an Arabian Foal with Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Felsburg PJ, Somberg RL, Perryman LE (1992): Domestic animal models of severe combined immunodeficiency: canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency in horses.Clark EG, Turner AS, Boysen BG, Rouse BT (1978): Listeriosis in an Arabian foal with combined immunodeficiency.Bowling AT, Ruvinsky A (2000): The Genetics of The Horse.Bjorneby JM, Leach DR, Perryman LE (1991): Persistent cryptosporidiosis in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.Bernoco D, Bailey E (1998): Frequency of the SCID gene among Arabian horses in the USA.Bailey E, Reid RC, Skow LC, Mathiason K, Lear TL, McGuire TC (1997): Linkage of the gene for equine combined immunodeficiency disease to microsatellite markers HTG8 and HTG4 synteny and FISH mapping to ECA9.Ainsworth DM, Weldon AD, Beck KA, Rowland PH (1993): Recognition of Pneumocystis carinii in foals with respiratory distress.It is believed that, this first genetic screening study focused on the SCID determination at national level and the evidence of the disease absence have the potential to increase breeding value of Arabian horses originated from Turkey In conclusion, no SCID carrier was identified among examined stud Arabian horses that were representing the 65.5% (239 out of 365) of all officially registered stud animals in Turkey. The result of the study showed that, none of the examined Arabian horses has SCID mutation on their responsible gene region. In the study, DNA samples were obtained from 239 Arabian horses raised in state stud farms of Turkey (Karacabey, n=70 Anadolu, n=70 and Sultansuyu, n=99) and they were analyzed using DNA-PKcs gene specific polymerase chain reaction and fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the presence of SCID mutant allele carrier and to determine SCID incidence in Turkey using molecular techniques. Up to date, there is no information on the presence of SCID in Arabian horses reared in Turkey either by clinical observation or molecular diagnosis.
The genetic basis of equine SCID is 5-base pairs deletion in the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) gene. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a lethal and autosomal recessive hereditary disorder, which has frequently been reported in Arabian horses, dogs, mice and humans.